How to Draw a 3 Story Staircase in Plan

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Stairs and Ramps

Stairs, ramps, elevators, and escalators provide access to different floor levels within or on the outside of a construction. Stairs and ramps are often used in buildings three stories in height and less, whereas elevators and escalators are employed on buildings of four

Effigy 9-i Shop drawings are highly detailed assembly drawings done by a subcontractor. They testify a designer'south initial design and drawing with expanded views, descriptions, and construction details.

TRIM AT DOOR

BASE TRIM

MULL ION

TRIM eastward UJALL

184 height rail

MEAD TRIM a DOOR

134 bottom bail sheep

Exterior ELEVATION

STAIRS

Top OF HANDRAIL Betwixt 34" TO 38' C8&5-9&5; Higher up STAIR NOSING

MIN. lx° SLOPE TO RISER

Drawing Stairs

Open RISERS NOT PERMITTED

top of handrail betwixt 34'-3s' í0&5-9é>v; above ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must exist continuous handrails omitted for clarity, only required on both sides of ramp runs when rise is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

NONCONTINUOUS HANDRAILS MUST EXTEND BETOND STAIRS AS SHOWN AND BE PARALLEL TO Flooring.

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS INSIDE HANDRAIL MUST Exist CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM PROJECTION

Open RISERS Not PERMITTED

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS INSIDE HANDRAIL MUST BE CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM Projection

: Figure ix-2 Stair blueprint and construction must meet building code and ADA requirements, including rules on configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and exist parallel to ground surface.

lx" (1525} by lx" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj equally shoiln and exist parallel to ground surface.

lx" (1525} past 60" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

min. width 36' (9i5j elevation of handrail between 34'-3s' í0&v-9é>5; above ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must exist continuous

Ramp Guardrail Guidelines

handrails omitted for clarity, only required on both sides of ramp runs when ascension is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

Figure 9-3 Ramps must be constructed in accordance with ADA guidelines and edifice codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with access to different floors.

min. width 36' (9i5j

Figure 9-3 Ramps must be constructed in accord with ADA guidelines and building codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with admission to different floors.

floors or more. However, in buildings such as shopping centers, which have loftier floor-to-floor dimensions and must accommodate a corking number of people, escalators are normally used. The blueprint of stairs should place the least corporeality of physical strain on the people who use them, while reinforcing the design graphic symbol of the space and structure of the building. Designs can range from major or monumental stairways to stairways that are strictly for utilitarian purposes.

Stairs are normally constructed from wood, steel, or physical. Their blueprint and structure must meet a number of building code and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) requirements for configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails (Figure ix-2). In many cases, a stair is augmented by a ramp that provides vertical transit for physically impaired individuals or ease of moving heavy objects (Figure 9-iii). Interior design projects might involve the design and construction of a new stair or the remodel of an existing stair. Remodeling is frequently done to upgrade a stair in an older building to meet the electric current building codes or ADA requirements. Stairway Configurations and Terms

Stairs may exist designed in a number of configurations to adjust the amount of space available, the geometry of the layout, and the vertical/horizontal distance they must traverse. The near common stair configurations are shown in Effigy nine-4. Their basic arrangements can exist described by the following categories: straight run, correct-bending run, reversing run, and some form of circular run. Figure 9-five illustrates some of the most commonly used stair terms, defined below:

Baluster — the vertical components that concord the handrail. These are spaced to preclude people from falling through. These are governed by building codes and are

Code For Ada Stairs

unremarkably a maximum clearance to forestall a 4-inch (101.6 mm) sphere from passing through.

Guardrail — a runway that is used on the landings or flooring levels to prevent people from falling betwixt floor levels. Information technology is unremarkably a minimum of 36 inches loftier in residential and 42 inches loftier in commercial buildings.

Handrail — a continuous section of railing side by side to a stair for a person to grasp as an aid when ascending or descending. Edifice codes closely control whether the railing is on one or both sides of the stair, its acme to a higher place the floor, and other specifics.

Headroom — the minimum clearance betwixt the border (or olfactory organ) of the tread and whatsoever office of an obstruction above.

straight run

- MUST HAVE INTERMEDIATE LANDING F R-OOR TO H-OOR Superlative I» AOO^B a FT.

50-shape

- CTTEN USED IN COWERS

- RH OR Flying CF STAIRS MAT Exist EOUAL OR LKEOLLAL CN EACH SIDE OF LANDING

- U-9HAPE STAIRS ARE OFT» USED IN Series SUCH As STAIRUAYS BemesN mant floors of

Loftier-Rise BUILDINGS

- USED PRIMARILY But IN RESIDENTIAL, Every bit THEY CAN Be HAZARDOUS AND HOT PERMITTED BY Nigh COMMERCIAL CODES AS AN egress STAIR

- USED WHEN THEFC IB NOT Plenty TOOM FOR AN L-6HAPE STAIR

- rwinieuasfireexitstairs

IN air-conditioning*-« CASES WITH AN AffROVED RADIUS

RESID^CES

- CAN BE DIFFICULT TO Deport LAR5E OBJECTS UP « DOWN STAIRS IF SMALL RADIUS IS USED

- SPIRAL STAIRS Tin ^SEMBLE CUfWED STAIRS ILHEN THET Accept A LARGE RADIUS

: INTEWEI3IATE LANDINS -MINI. LENGTH EQUAL TO STAIR UIDTH

■SHAPED STAIRS Tin

$- MODIMCATIONS CAN \ BE MADB FOR STAIR \ FLIGHTS TO RJ4 IN \ M ANT DICTIONS-1$: - MODIMCATIONS CAN \ Exist MADB FOR STAIR \ FLIGHTS TO RJ4 IN \ M Ant DICTIONS-1

: MOVIE STARS AFC É^10 iSN UIALONG DOIIN T1-E8E STAJRS

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

SIDE < Programme VIEWS

LANDw STAIR ¿AND 4 STAIR UAND&

iHffltirr nimiT i

Figure ix-4 Stairs tin be constructed in a number of different configurations, depending on the amount of space bachelor and the distance between floors.

plan view

Figure ix-5 (far left) Typical parts of a stair.

-STAIF» CAN f*e Made MORE \ plan view MANAGEABLE BY Get-go N3 T^E CCNVERSS^CE OF Tl-Eastward COWCR STAIRS—

V L^DiNt

Landing — the floor or platform at the kickoff or terminate of a stair, or between ii or more stair runs. Newel — the terminating baluster at the lesser or top of a stair, which is normally larger than the other balusters. Nosing — the office of the tread that overhangs the riser, reducing the trouble of a person accidentally kicking the riser every bit they ascend the stair.

Rising — the total vertical distance that is traveled on a stair. It is the perpendicular measurement between floor levels and the sum of all the riser heights. Riser — the vertical part of a stair between the treads. Run — the total horizontal depth of a stair, which is the sum of the treads.

Stringer — the structural support for the stair treads and risers. This is besides referred to as a carriage. It might exist exposed on a utilitarian stair, or subconscious with various finishes on more decorative stairs.

Tread — the horizontal office of a stair that the foot bears downward upon.

Winder - the wedge-shaped tread in a turn of the stairway run - found by and large in residential work, because commercial edifice codes restrict these.

Drafting Standards

The design and drawing details needed to illustrate a stair are dependent upon the complexity of the stair and the basic structural material information technology is constructed of. Stair systems are fabricated primarily of wood, steel, or concrete. Wood stairs are mostly used in residential construction and are generally the simplest to draw and detail. Stairs are shown on the floor plans and called out as to their basic widths and number of treads and risers. The plan also shows the run and an pointer indicating whether the stairs go up or downwards from that level. Floor-plan views of stairs often cannot show all the materials and cross-exclusive parts of their assemblies. Special stair sections (Figure 9-half dozen) are often drawn to testify the structure and finish details. In most cases, the designer does not have to depict every item of a stairway and its many components. The fabricators of metal, concrete, and some wood stairs often make shop drawings. These detailed drawings are submitted to the designer for review.

Scale of Drawings

The scale of stairway drawings is generally V8" = 1'-0" (1:100 metric) or West = i'-0" (one:50 metric), both in program and elevation views. The number of treads and risers, likewise as their dimensions, are called out here. Generic features such equally the handrails and guardrails are besides shown in both the plan and tiptop views. By and large, handrails seen in elevation views are placed at a uniform height thirty-34 inches (762-864 mm) above the stair nosing. In commercial projects with steel or concrete stairs, a large-scale cartoon and stair section are required to fully explicate these stair details and handrail/guardrail specifics. These are drawn at a scale of at to the lowest degree V2" = 1'-0" (1:twenty metric) and cantankerous-referenced to the floor plans.

To decide the number of treads and risers a stair must have, the vertical dimension between floor levels must be known. This vertical dimension is divided past the maximum riser height allowed by the edifice codes. At this writing, about residential stairs are express to a maximum riser height of viii inches (203 mm) and a minimum tread depth of 9% inches (235 mm). Commercial codes restrict the maximum height of a riser to seven inches (178 mm), with

Architectural Drawing Ramp

a minimum tread depth of 11 inches (280 mm). In a residential edifice, the typical vertical dimension might be 9'-10", or 106 inches (2.69 1000). The designer divides 106 by 8 to discover the minimum number of risers needed, which is 13.2. If simply 13 are used, each riser will be slightly over eight inches, which is not immune according to the code. Rounding up to 14 will ensure each riser is slightly beneath the immune 8 inches.

To find the total number of treads, recollect that there is always ane tread fewer than number of risers, as the floor levels at each stair end are not counted as treads. In our example, there would exist 13 treads at 9 inches (229 mm) each, for a resulting stair run of 13 10 ix" = nine feet, 11 inches (3.02 chiliad).

Figure nine-6 Stair sections are often fatigued to detail out the structure and finish components, which are non shown in plan views.

plan.

Checklist for Stairways

General

• If a separate enlarged drawing is washed for the stairway, key it and cantankerous-reference to the floor plans.

• Prove stairs in their entirety where possible, or use break lines where they go along on another floor level.

• Bank check stair widths, riser heights, tread widths, landing widths, and other particulars against the appropriate building codes and ADA requirements. Verify required dimensions and clearances.

Notations

• Call out direction of travel (up or down) on each section of stairway, and indicate with an arrow.

Dimensioning Stairways

Stairways are dimensioned on the floor plans every bit to their landing sizes, widths, and run of each stair, as seen in Effigy ix-7. The full number and dimensions of the risers and runs are also shown on the plan. Vertical heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other particulars are dimensioned on a dissever section or pinnacle drawing that is cantankerous-referenced to the plan view (Effigy 9-8). Designation of Materials

A stair's materials tin be indicated in a number of different means, depending upon how many materials at that place are and the size and complexity of the structure. Underlying structural materials might be called out with notes or shown in a sectional view. If the structural material is also the finished surface, this should exist called out. If a divide finish material covers the stair, this might exist called out in the section view, program view, or on a separate cease

Figure 9-vii This enlarged plan of a stairway shows the dimensions of the landings, the widths and the run of each stair, risers, treads, and other details.

Figure 9-8 Stair sections show heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the plan view.

Stair Plan And Section

Beginning Flooring STAIRIUAY

Figure 9-eight Stair sections show heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the plan view.

ENTRY

Staircase Plan View

FIRST FLOOR

LOWER LEVEL

Offset FLOOR

ENTRY

LOWER LEVEL

STAIR SECTION

• Note handrails and other trim. Key to where these can be found in more detail.

• Call out materials where stairs are shown in section view, including structural and end components.

• Cantankerous-reference to whatsoever structural plans where they are provided.

Dimensions

• Call out number and widths of treads, as well as number and height of risers.

• Dimension the full run of stairs in both plan and department views.

• Dimension the width of the stairs and any landings.

• Dimension treads, nosings, risers, landings, and handrail locations in sectional views of stairways.

Millwork

Architectural plans are often drawn at a scale too minor to show acceptable detail for cabinetry and millwork such every bit moldings, paneling, miscellaneous trim, and casings for doors and windows. These components are drawn and detailed at a large scale and cantankerous-referenced to the bones plans. Millwork and cabinetry, also referred to every bit architectural woodwork, can include both manufactured stock components and custom woodwork that is assembled on the jobsite (Figure nine-ix). Although some designers include cabinetry nether the category of millwork, it will be treated here as a separate classification due to the specialized drawings needed to describe it.

Figure 9-ix This large-scale drawing shows the placement of stock-manufactured base of operations cabinets.

Fallingwater Plan Dwg